I. ukuqhaqha ngoomatshini

Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuqhaqha

A. Indawo yokusebenza mayibe banzi, ikhanye, igudileyo kwaye icoceke.

B. Izixhobo zokuqhaqha zilungiselelwe ngokupheleleyo ngeenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.

C. Lungisa isitendi, wahlule isitya kunye nedramu yeoyile ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo

Imigaqo esisiseko yokuqhaqha ngoomatshini

A. Ngokwemodeli kunye nedatha efanelekileyo, iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nobudlelwane bokuhlanganiswa kwemodeli zinokuqondwa ngokucacileyo, kwaye emva koko indlela kunye namanyathelo okuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka anokufunyanwa.

B. Khetha izixhobo nezixhobo ngokuchanekileyo. Xa ukubola kunzima, fumana unobangela kuqala uze uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukusombulula ingxaki.

C. Xa uqhaqha iindawo okanye iindibano ngemiyalelo neempawu ezithile, imiyalelo neempawu kufuneka zikhunjulwe. Ukuba iimpawu zilahlekile, kufuneka ziphawulwe kwakhona.

D. Ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo okanye ukulahleka kweendawo eziqhekekileyo, kufuneka zigcinwe ngokwahlukeneyo ngokobukhulu kunye nokuchaneka kweendawo, kwaye mazibekwe ngendlela yokuziqhekeza. Iindawo ezichanekileyo nezibalulekileyo mazigcinwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokukodwa.

E. Iibholiti kunye neenati ezisusiweyo mazibuyiselwe endaweni yazo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulungiswa, ukuze kuthintelwe ukulahleka kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa.

F. Ziqhawule njengoko kufuneka. Abo bangazahluliyo, banokugwetywa njengabakwimeko entle. Kodwa imfuneko yokususa iindawo kufuneka isuswe, kungekhona ukusindisa iingxaki kunye nokungakhathali, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umgangatho wokulungiswa ungaqinisekiswa.

(1) kwikhonkco elinzima ukuliqhekeza okanye eliya kunciphisa umgangatho woqhagamshelo kwaye lonakalise inxalenye yeendawo zoqhagamshelo emva kokuliqhekeza, ukuliqhekeza kufuneka kuthintelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, njengoqhagamshelo lokutywina, uqhagamshelo lokuphazamiseka, uqhagamshelo lwe-riveting kunye nolwe-welding, njl.njl.

(2) xa kufakwa i-liner ethambileyo okanye i-hammer okanye i-punch eyenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo (ezifana nobhedu olucocekileyo) kufuneka ifakwe kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo kumphezulu wenxalenye.

(3) kufuneka kusetyenziswe amandla afanelekileyo ngexesha lokuqhaqha, kwaye kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekukhuseleni izinto eziphambili kuyo nayiphi na ingozi. Kwiinxalenye ezimbini zomdlalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukonakalisa inxalenye, kuyimfuneko ukugcina iindawo ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ubunzima bokwenziwa okanye umgangatho ongcono.

(4) iindawo ezinobude nobubanzi obukhulu, ezifana nomngxuma othe tyaba ochanekileyo, izikrufu, njl.njl., ziyacocwa, zithanjiswe ngeoli kwaye zixhonywe ngokuthe nkqo emva kokuba zisusiwe. Iindawo ezinzima zinokuxhaswa nge-fulcrum ezininzi ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguguleka.

(5) iindawo ezisusiweyo kufuneka zicocwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zigqunywe ngeoyile yokulwa nomhlwa. Kwiindawo ezichanekileyo, kodwa nakwiphepha leoyile zisongelwe, ukuthintela ukugqwala komhlwa okanye umphezulu wokungqubana. Ezinye iindawo kufuneka zihlulwe ngokweendawo, zize zibekwe emva kokuphawulwa.

(6) susa iindawo ezincinci nezilahleka lula, ezifana nezikrufu ezibekiweyo, amantongomane, iiwashers kunye neepini, njl.njl., uze uzifake kwiindawo eziphambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka emva kokucoca ukuze uthintele ukulahleka. Emva kokuba iindawo ezikumgodi zisusiwe, kungcono ukuzibuyisela okwethutyana kwimgodi ngendlela yokuqala okanye uzibeke kwintambo ngentsimbi, nto leyo eya kuzisa lula kakhulu kumsebenzi wokuhlanganisa kwixesha elizayo.

(7) susa umbhobho, indebe yeoyile kunye nezinye ioyile zokuthambisa okanye zokupholisa, imijelo yamanzi kunye negesi, zonke iintlobo zeendawo ze-hydraulic, emva kokucoca kufuneka kufakwe uphawu lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuze kuthintelwe uthuli kunye nokungcola okuntywilisiweyo.

(8) xa kuqhaqhwa inxalenye ejikelezayo, imeko yokulinganisela yokuqala ayizukuphazanyiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

(9) kwizinto ezifakelwayo zesigaba ezinokuthi zisuswe kwaye zingenazo izixhobo zokubeka okanye iimpawu zesikhokelo, maziphawulwe emva kokuqhekeka ukuze zibonwe lula ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa.

Ii. Indibano yoomatshini

Inkqubo yokuhlanganisa oomatshini likhonkco elibalulekileyo lokumisela umgangatho wokulungiswa koomatshini, ngoko ke kufuneka:

(1) iindawo ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa ezichaziweyo, kwaye naziphi na iindawo ezingafanelekanga azinakuhlanganiswa. Le nxalenye kufuneka ihlolwe ngokungqongqo ngaphambi kokuba idityaniswe.

(2) indlela echanekileyo yokufanisa kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zokuchaneka kokufanisa. Ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi emininzi ngoomatshini kukubuyisela ukuchaneka kokufanisa kokufanelana, kunokwamkelwa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokukhetha, ukulungisa, ukulungisa kunye nezinye iindlela. Isiphumo sokwandiswa kobushushu kufuneka sithathelwe ingqalelo kwisithuba sokulingana. Kwiindawo zokulingana ezenziwe ngezinto ezinee-coefficients ezahlukeneyo zokwandisa, xa ubushushu obuphakathi ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa buhluka kakhulu kubushushu ngexesha lokusebenza, utshintsho lwesithuba olubangelwe koku kufuneka luhlawulwe.

(3) ukuhlalutya nokujonga ukuchaneka kwekhonkco lobukhulu bendibano, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka ngokukhetha nokulungisa.

(4) ukujongana nomyalelo wokuhlanganiswa kwamalungu oomatshini, umgaqo ngulo: kuqala ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kuqala kube nzima kwaye kube lula, kuqala kube ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kube ngokubanzi.

(5) khetha iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuhlanganisa kunye nezixhobo zokuhlanganisa.

(6) nikela ingqalelo ekucoceni nasekuthambiseni iindawo. Iindawo ezidibeneyo mazicocwe kakuhle kuqala, kwaye iindawo ezihambayo mazigqunywe nge-lubricant ecocekileyo kumphezulu ohambayo.

(7) nikela ingqalelo ekutywinweni kwindibano ukuze kuthintelwe "ukuvuza kathathu". Ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sokutywina esichaziweyo kunye nezixhobo zokutywina, akunakusetyenziswa izinto ezithatha indawo yazo ngokungacwangciswanga. Nika ingqalelo kumgangatho kunye nokucoceka komphezulu wokutywina. Nika ingqalelo kwindlela yokuhlanganisa izitywina kunye nokuqina kwendibano, kwizitywina ezingashukumiyo ungasebenzisa isitywina esifanelekileyo sokutywina.

(8) nika ingqalelo kwiimfuno zokudibanisa isixhobo sokutshixa kwaye uthobele imigaqo yokhuseleko.

Iii. Izinto ezifuna ingqwalasela xa kuqhaqhwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwetywina ngoomatshini

Itywina loomatshini yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokujika itywina lomzimba woomatshini, ukuchaneka kwalo kokucubungula kuphezulu, ingakumbi iringi eguquguqukayo, engashukumiyo, ukuba indlela yokuyiqhaqha ayifanelekanga okanye ayisetyenziswanga ngendlela engafanelekanga, indibano yetywina loomatshini ayizukusilela nje ekufezekiseni injongo yokutywina, kwaye iya konakalisa izinto zokutywina ezihlanganisiweyo.

1. Amanyathelo okuzikhusela ngexesha lokuqhaqha

1) Xa ususa isitywino soomatshini, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa isando kunye nefosholo ethe tyaba ukuze ungonakalisi into yokutywina.

2) ukuba kukho izitywino zoomatshini kuzo zombini iziphelo zepompo, kufuneka ulumke kwinkqubo yokuyiqhaqha ukuze uthintele ukuba enye ingaphulukani nenye.

3) kwisitywina soomatshini esisetyenziweyo, ukuba umphezulu wokutywina uyashukuma xa i-gland ikhululeka, iindawo ze-rotor kunye ne-stator ring kufuneka zitshintshwe, kwaye akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwakhona emva kokuqina. Kuba emva kokukhululeka, umkhondo wokuqala wokubaleka wesibini sokungqubana uya kutshintsha, ukutywinwa komphezulu woqhagamshelwano kuya kutshatyalaliswa ngokulula.

4) ukuba into yokutywina ibotshelelwe bumdaka okanye yi-condensate, susa i-condensate ngaphambi kokuba ususe i-mechanical seal.

2. Amanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lokufakwa

1) Ngaphambi kokufakwa, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngononophelo ukuba inani leendawo zokutywina zendibano lanele na kwaye ukuba iindawo zonakele na, ingakumbi ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene ezifana nokungqubana, ukuqhekeka kunye nokuguquka kwizangqa eziguqukayo nezinganyakaziyo. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki, lungisa okanye utshintshe ezinye iindawo ezintsha.

2) jonga ukuba i-engile ye-chamfering yesingxobo okanye i-gland ifanelekile na, kwaye ukuba ayihlangabezani neemfuno, kufuneka inqunyulwe.

3) Zonke izinto ezikwisitywina soomatshini kunye neendawo ezihambelanayo nazo kufuneka zicocwe nge-acetone okanye i-anhydrous alcohol ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe. Zigcine zicocekile ngexesha lokufakwa, ingakumbi iiringi ezihambayo nezinganyakaziyo kunye nezinto ezincedisayo zokuvala kufuneka zingabi nakungcola nothuli. Faka umaleko ococekileyo weoyile okanye ioyile ye-turbine kumphezulu weeringi ezihambayo nezinganyakaziyo.

4) i-gland ephezulu kufuneka iqiniswe emva kokulungelelaniswa kwe-coupling. Iibholithi maziqiniswe ngokulinganayo ukuthintela ukuphambuka kwecandelo le-gland. Jonga indawo nganye nge-feeler okanye isixhobo esikhethekileyo. Impazamo akufuneki ibe ngaphezu kwe-0.05mm.

5) jonga indawo ehambelanayo (kunye nobunzulu) phakathi kwe-gland kunye nobubanzi obungaphandle be-shaft okanye i-shaft sleeve, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyafana, kwaye ujonge ukunyamezelana kwendawo nganye ngeplagi engadluli kwi-0.10mm.

6) ubungakanani boxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo. Akuvumelekanga ukuba lube lukhulu kakhulu okanye lube luncinci kakhulu. Impazamo yi-± 2.00mm. Incinci kakhulu iya kubangela uxinzelelo olunganelanga kwaye ayinakudlala indima yokutywina, emva kokuba intwasahlobo ifakwe kwisihlalo sentwasahlobo ukuze ihambe ngokulula. Xa usebenzisa intwasahlobo enye, qaphela icala lokujikeleza kwentwasahlobo. Icala lokujikeleza kwentwasahlobo kufuneka lichasene necala lokujikeleza kweshaft.

7) iringi eshukumayo mayigcinwe ithambile emva kokufakelwa. Iza kukwazi ukubuyela umva ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokucinezela iringi eshukumayo iye entwasahlobo.

8) qala ubeke indandatho yokutywina ye-static ring ngasemva kwendandatho engashukumiyo, uze uyifake kwisigqubuthelo sesiphelo sokutywina. Nika ingqalelo kukhuseleko lwecandelo lendandatho engashukumiyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo lendandatho engashukumiyo kunye nomgca osembindini wesigqubuthelo sesiphelo, kunye nomva we-static ring anti-swivel groove ihambelana ne-anti-transfer pin, kodwa ungenzi ukuba ziqhagamshelane.

9) kwinkqubo yokufakela, akuvumelekanga ukuba kubethe ngqo into yokutywina ngezixhobo. Xa kufuneka kubethe, kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukubethela into yokutywina xa kukho umonakalo.